Causes & Symptoms

Vitiligo occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin (the pigment that gives skin its colour), are destroyed or stop functioning. While the exact cause remains unclear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors. Common triggers include:

• Genetics: A family history of vitiligo or other autoimmune conditions increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
• Autoimmune Response: The immune system mistakenly attacks melanocytes.
• Environmental Triggers: Factors such as sunburn, stress, or exposure to certain chemicals may play a role in triggering or exacerbating this condition.

Symptoms include:

• White or light patches of skin, commonly appearing on the face, hands, feet, and around body openings.
• Premature graying or whitening of hair on the scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, or beard.
• Changes in pigmentation of the mucous membranes, such as inside the mouth or nose.

Impact

The visible nature of vitiligo can have profound psychological and social effects. Sufferers may experience emotional distress and feelings of self-consciousness or anxiety about their appearance. Misunderstanding or stigma can lead to social challenges and reduced confidence or a reluctance to engage in activities like swimming or sunbathing. Addressing these challenges often requires a combination of emotional support and effective treatment strategies.