Acne

Acne is characterised by red, inflamed papules or cysts. It affects millions of people worldwide and can occur at any age. Acne can appear anywhere on the body, but most often appears on the face, neck, chest and back. The main causes include excess oil production, clogged pores, bacteria and inflammation. Treatments include bespoke topical skin care, microneedling, antibiotics and light therapies. In more severe cases, hormonal treatments and isotretinoin may be prescribed. With proper care and treatment, skin conditions like acne can usually be controlled and even eliminated over time.

Hyperpigmentation & Melasma

Hyperpigmentation is characterised by darkening of the skin due to an increase in melanin production. It often presents as areas of increased colour, appearing as dark spots or patches. Hyperpigmentation is most commonly seen in areas of sun-exposed skin, and usually results from sun damage, hormone imbalance, acne or certain drugs. Melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation commonly seen in women, where enlarged patches of brown or grey discolouration develop on the face. While it is treatable, its untreated effects can be long-lasting.

Risk factors for hyperpigmentation include prolonged sun exposure, tanning beds, certain medications, pregnancy and certain medical conditions. Treatment includes topical creams such as corticosteroids, retinoids, hydroquinone and chemical peels. Sun protection is essential to prevent skin conditions like hyperpigmentation from recurring.

Rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that affects the face and is characterised by redness, flushing, red bumps, and, in some cases, thickened skin. Chronic skin conditions are long-lasting or recurring, persisting over time, often requiring ongoing management and treatment. Rosacea typically affects the cheeks, chin, nose and forehead and is often mistaken for acne or an allergy, though its cause is unknown.

In some cases, the redness can be accompanied by stinging and burning sensations, as well as swollen and irritated skin. It’s more common in women and tends to worsen with age. Treatment typically involves topical and oral medications, as well as lifestyle changes, such as avoiding certain triggers that can cause flare-ups.

Sensitive Skin

Sensitive skin is characterised by a heightened reaction to irritants, environmental factors and other triggers. It can also become easily inflamed and can feel dry, itchy or tight. People who have sensitive skin may experience inflammation and redness on their face after using a skin product or if they’ve been exposed to environmental irritants such as cold temperature, wind or heat.

Common symptoms of sensitive skin on the face include stinging, burning or tightness. Redness, flaky or tender patches of skin can also be present. Sensitive skin can also be a sign of ageing skin, as moisture levels and protective barrier functions decrease as skin sensitivity increases. Using good quality skincare will reform that barrier and reduce skin sensitivity and the possibility of other skin conditions.

Vitiligo

Vitiligo is characterised by the loss of pigment, resulting in white or depigmented patches on the skin. Skin conditions like this one can affect people of all ages and ethnic backgrounds, and it often occurs when the body’s immune system attacks melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin colour. Vitiligo can impact a person’s self-esteem and body image due to the visible contrast between depigmented areas and the surrounding skin.

While there is no cure for vitiligo, there are treatments available, such as topical corticosteroids, phototherapy and skin grafting, which can help manage the condition and improve skin appearance. Addressing vitiligo can enhance confidence and provide individuals with options to achieve a more uniform and even-toned complexion.